双语盘点：世界上18种最濒危的语言

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http://www.sina.com.cn   2010年05月21日 18:41   环球时报
　　According to the Christian Science Monitor, the UN Atlas of Endangered Languages lists 18 languages with only one remaining speaker. With about one language disappearing every two weeks, some of these have probably already died off。

　　1. Apiaka, is spoken by the indigenous people of the same name who live in the northern state of Mato Grosso, in Brazil. The critically endangered language belongs to the Tupi language family. As of 2007, there was only one remaining speaker。

　　2. Bikya, is spoken in the North-West Region of Cameroon, in western Africa. The last record of a speaker was in 1986, meaning the language could be extinct by now. This predicament resembles that of another Cameroonian language, Bishuo, whose last recorded speaker was also in 1986.

　　3. Chana, is spoken in Parana, the capital of Argentina's province of Entre Rios. As of 2008, it had only one speaker。

　　4. Dampal is spoken in Indonesia, near Bangkir. Unesco reported that it had one speaker as of 2000.

　　5. Diahoi (also known as Jiahui, Jahoi, Djahui, Diahkoi, and Diarroi) is spoken in Brazil. Those who speak it live on indigenous lands like Diahui, Middle Madeira river, Southern Amazonas State, Municipality of Humaita. As of 2006, one speaker was left。

　　6. Kaixana, is a language of Brazil. As of 2008, the sole remaining speaker was believed to be the 78-year-old Raimundo Avelino, who lives in Limoeiro in the Japura municipality, state of Amazonas。

　　7. Laua is spoken in the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Mailuan language group and is quasi-extinct, with one speaker documented in 2000.

　　8. Patwin is a Native American language spoken in the western part of the United States. Descendants live outside San Francisco in Cortina and Colusa, Calif. One fluent speaker was documented as of 1997.

　　9. Pazeh is spoken by Taiwan's indigenous tribe of the same name. Mrs. Pan Jin Yu, 95, was the sole known speaker as of 2008.

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　据美国《基督教科学箴言报》报道：目前《联合国濒危语言图册》列出18种人们知道只有一个人在说的语言。这些濒危语言大约每两周消失一个，现在有的语言可能永远消失了。

　　1. 阿皮亚卡语(Apiaka)是巴西北部马托格罗索州土著居民阿皮亚卡人说的语言。这种严重濒危的语言属于图皮语系，截至2007年只剩下一个使用者。

　　2. 比基亚语(Bikya)是西非喀麦隆西北地区的一种语言。关于有人说这种语言的最后记录是在1986年，这意味着该语言现在可能已经灭绝了。其处境与喀麦隆的另一种语言比舒奥语(Bishuo)类似，后者被人使用的最后记录也是在1986年。

　　3. 查纳语(Chana)是阿根廷恩特雷里奥斯省首府巴拉那居民说的语言，至2008年时仅有一个使用者。

　　4. 丹帕尔语(Dampal)是印尼邦基尔附近的居民使用的语言。联合国教科文组织报告称，2000年时只有一个人说这种语言。

　　5. 迪亚霍伊语(Diahoi)是巴西的一种语言，使用者居住在南亚马孙州乌迈塔市中马德拉河旁的迪亚霍伊原住民区，2006年时只剩下一个人还说这种语言。

　　6. 凯萨那语(Kaixana)也是巴西的一种语言。2008年时，78岁的雷蒙多·阿韦利诺据信是其硕果仅存的使用者。阿韦利诺住在亚马孙雅普拉市的利穆埃鲁区。

　　7. 拉瓦语(Laua)是巴布亚新几内亚中央省使用的语言，为梅卢安语族的一员，已接近灭绝。 2000年有据可查的使用者仅一人。

　　8. 帕特温语(Patwin)是美国西部的一种美洲土著语言。其传人居住在加州旧金山郊外。1997年时有一位记录在册的流利使用者。

　　9. 巴宰语(Pazeh)是台湾原住民巴宰族使用的语言。2008年时，95岁的潘金玉(音)是已知唯一说这种语言的人。

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10. Pernono is spoken in Venezuela and has one remaining speaker, who lives in an Upper Majagua village。

　　11. Taje is one of the endangered languages spoken in the country of Indonesia. As of 2000, there was one speaker remaining in Sulawesi。

　　12. Taushiro (also known as Pinche, or Tausiro in Spanish) is an isolated language spoken in Peru. The speakers, who were from the Loreto Province and Tigre River basin, married non-Taushiro speakers and adopted Spanish or other languages. There was one speaker documented in 2008.

　　13. Tinigua is a nearly extinct language from Colombia. While originally from the Yari River, most of descendants now live in the Sierra de la Macarena and do not speak the language any more. As of 2008, the last speaker lived near the Guayabero River。

　　14. Tolowa, the language of the Tolowa Native American tribe, is spoken by a few members located in the Smith River Rancheria. a sovereign nation, near Crescent City, Calif. Tolowa is part of the Athabaskan language family. One speaker remained as of 2008.

　　15. Volow (or Valuwa) is spoken on Motalava Island, a part of the Republic of Vanuatu. The Republic of Vanuatu is located near the east coast of Australia. One speaker remained as of 2008.

　　16. Wintu-Nomlaki is spoken by the Wintu tribe in California. The language has two dialects: Nomlaki, which is spoken along the Sacramento River south of Red Bluff, and the other is Wintu. As of 2008, there was one fluent speaker and several speakers with moderate command of the language。

　　17. Yaghan is spoken in Chile, in the community of Villa Ukika on Navarino Island, located in the Magallanes Territory. As of 2005, the last remaining speaker and pure-blood member of the Yaghan tribe was an elderly woman named Cristina Calderon。

　　18. Yarawi (or Suena) is spoken in Papua New Guinea, near Morobe town in Morobe Province. One speaker was documented in 2000.

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10. 佩莫诺语(Pernono)是委内瑞拉的一种语言，只剩下一个使用者，居住在上马加瓜村。

　　11. 塔赫语(Taje)是印尼的濒危语言之一。截至2000年在苏拉威西省只剩下一个人说这种语言。

　　12. 陶什罗语(Taushiro)是秘鲁一种孤立的语言。说这种语言的人住在洛雷托省和蒂格雷河盆地，他们与不说陶什罗语的人通婚后改说西班牙语或别的语言。2008年的文件显示只有一个人说这种语言。

　　13. 蒂尼瓜语(Tinigua)是哥伦比亚一种近乎灭绝的语言。尽管发源于亚里河地区，但该语言的传人目前大多住在拉马卡雷纳山脉，并且不再说这种语言。2008年时还有一个人说这种语言。

　　14. 托洛瓦语(Tolowa)是美洲土著部落托洛瓦人的语言，住在加州克雷森特城附近史密斯河定居地的一些原住民说这种语言。托洛瓦语属于阿萨巴斯卡语系，2008年时还有一个人说这种语言。

　　15. 瓦洛语(Volow)是瓦努阿图共和国莫塔拉瓦岛上的语言。瓦努阿图位于澳大利亚东海岸附近。2008年时还有一个人说这种语言。

　　16. 温图—诺姆拉基语 (Wintu-Nomlaki)是加州温图部落印第安人说的语言，有两种方言，一种是雷德布拉夫以南萨克拉门托河沿岸的诺姆拉基语，另一种是温图语。2008年时，只有一个人能流利地说这种语言，另有几个人勉强能说。

　　17. 亚格汉语(Yaghan)是智利麦哲伦区纳瓦里诺岛上维拉乌基卡部族的一种语言。2005年时，一位名叫克里斯蒂娜·卡尔德龙的老年妇女是该语言最后剩下的使用者，她也是亚格汉部落唯一的正宗传人。

　　18. 亚拉维语(Yarawi)是巴布亚新几内亚莫罗贝省莫罗贝镇附近的一种语言。2000年有据可查的使用者只剩一人。